![]() Benedict allowed them to begin earlier "if all the Cardinal electors are present" and to delay the start until 20 days pass "for serious reasons". Following his resignation, cardinals had questioned the rule that they delay starting the conclave until 15 days after the papacy fell vacant. On 22 February he issued his second set of instructions on the papal election process, Normas nonnullas. Normas nonnullas īenedict resigned the papacy on 11 February 2013, effective 28 February. He established the procedure that after 33 ballots (still excluding the first day's ballot if any), additional ballots would allow voting only for the two candidates with the greatest number of votes in the preceding ballot, and he excluded those two candidates from participation in the balloting. He restored the two-thirds majority rule. In this five-paragraph document, Benedict denied the cardinal electors the options John Paul had allowed them and retained only John Paul's determination that a change was required after many ballots had failed to produce a result. īenedict issued De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis on 11 June 2007 after two years as pope. On the other hand, it is questionable whether Ratzinger would have accepted election on such terms, as the first pope in centuries with the support of a bare majority of the electors. During the papal election in 2005, once the votes for Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger exceeded a simple majority, his supporters knew they could continue voting for him until they were able to institute the simple majority rule that John Paul allowed. Since participants in a conclave are bound by an oath of secrecy, the impact of these changes on the one conclave where they controlled is unknowable. The two-thirds majority requirement had been established by the Third Lateran Council in 1179. John Paul had then received "more than a few requests" ( haud paucae petitiones), according to Benedict, to restore the traditional requirement of a two-thirds majority. John Paul's 1996 rules had introduced some "radical" innovations that allowed the cardinal electors, after 33 ballots (not counting any ballot taken on the first day of the conclave), to determine by majority vote how to proceed, allowing them to lower the majority needed for election from two-thirds of those voting to as little as a simple majority, and allowing them to restrict the balloting to the candidates who had received the most votes in the preceding ballot. Instructions De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis 1.1 De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis.
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